SIMBAD references

2026ApJ..1000..180W - Astrophys. J., 1000, 180 (2026/April-1)

Dynamical Modeling of the Broad-line Region with High-mass Active Galactic Nuclei and Constraints on the Virial Factor.

WANG S., WOO J.-H., VILLAFANA L., TREU T. and GALLO E.

Abstract (from CDS):

We present the results of broad-line region (BLR) dynamical modeling for eight high-mass active galactic nuclei (AGNs) from the Seoul National University AGN Monitoring Project, by constraining BLR geometry and kinematics as well as black hole (BH) mass (MBH). We find that the Hβ-emitting BLRs are best described as thick disks viewed at intermediate inclinations, with emission preferentially originating from the far side of the BLR. BLR kinematics show a combination of rotational, inflowing, and outflowing components. By comparing the MBH from dynamical modeling with the virial products based on reverberation lags and line widths, we determine the virial factor f for individual AGNs. Combining our sample with those MBH consistently determined via BLR dynamical modeling, yielding a total of 38 objects, we derive a virial factor for future MBH estimation of log10(f)pred = 0.69 ± 0.21 based on σline,rms and -0.08 ± 0.23 based on FWHMmean. The derived virial factor is consistent with that inferred by aligning the reverberation-mapped AGNs with quiescent galaxies in the MBH-σ* relation, supporting the assumption that local active and inactive galaxies follow the same MBH-σ*relation. Our updated f values exhibit an intrinsic dispersion of ∼0.2 dex, which allows for more precise MBH estimates than those based on the MBH-σ* relation. Our sample extends the reverberation sample with BLR dynamic modeling to the MBH ∼ [108, 108.5]M⊙, where the virial factor from the AGN MBH-σ* relation remains poorly constrained, underscoring the unique value of dynamical modeling analysis in constraining the MBH of the most massive BHs.

Abstract Copyright: © 2026. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.

Journal keyword(s): Quasars - Active galactic nuclei - Reverberation mapping

Simbad objects: 42

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