2026ApJ..1000..180W


Query : 2026ApJ..1000..180W

2026ApJ..1000..180W - Astrophys. J., 1000, 180 (2026/April-1)

Dynamical Modeling of the Broad-line Region with High-mass Active Galactic Nuclei and Constraints on the Virial Factor.

WANG S., WOO J.-H., VILLAFANA L., TREU T. and GALLO E.

Abstract (from CDS):

We present the results of broad-line region (BLR) dynamical modeling for eight high-mass active galactic nuclei (AGNs) from the Seoul National University AGN Monitoring Project, by constraining BLR geometry and kinematics as well as black hole (BH) mass (MBH). We find that the Hβ-emitting BLRs are best described as thick disks viewed at intermediate inclinations, with emission preferentially originating from the far side of the BLR. BLR kinematics show a combination of rotational, inflowing, and outflowing components. By comparing the MBH from dynamical modeling with the virial products based on reverberation lags and line widths, we determine the virial factor f for individual AGNs. Combining our sample with those MBH consistently determined via BLR dynamical modeling, yielding a total of 38 objects, we derive a virial factor for future MBH estimation of log10(f)pred = 0.69 ± 0.21 based on σline,rms and -0.08 ± 0.23 based on FWHMmean. The derived virial factor is consistent with that inferred by aligning the reverberation-mapped AGNs with quiescent galaxies in the MBH-σ* relation, supporting the assumption that local active and inactive galaxies follow the same MBH-σ*relation. Our updated f values exhibit an intrinsic dispersion of ∼0.2 dex, which allows for more precise MBH estimates than those based on the MBH-σ* relation. Our sample extends the reverberation sample with BLR dynamic modeling to the MBH ∼ [108, 108.5]M⊙, where the virial factor from the AGN MBH-σ* relation remains poorly constrained, underscoring the unique value of dynamical modeling analysis in constraining the MBH of the most massive BHs.

Abstract Copyright: © 2026. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.

Journal keyword(s): Quasars - Active galactic nuclei - Reverberation mapping

Simbad objects: 42

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Number of rows : 42
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA
ICRS (J2000)
DEC
Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026
#notes
1 Mrk 335 Sy1 00 06 19.5372339024 +20 12 10.617404076   14.19 13.85     ~ 1344 0
2 Mrk 1501 Bla 00 10 31.00590413 +10 58 29.5042981   15.96 15.40 12.22   ~ 763 1
3 2MASS J01013117+4229356 Sy1 01 01 31.1691112200 +42 29 35.590782768   16.7       ~ 33 1
4 [VV2000] J014034.9+234450 QSO 01 40 35.0153477304 +23 44 51.106528824   16.7       ~ 22 0
5 NGC 985 Sy1 02 34 37.882 -08 47 17.02   14.64 14.28 12.9   ~ 449 0
6 MCG+01-12-009 Bla 04 33 11.0956735296 +05 21 15.619461552   15.72 15.05 10.08   ~ 2099 2
7 Z 121-75 Sy1 09 23 43.0005086832 +22 54 32.576001696   16.23 15.82     ~ 165 0
8 LEDA 2149945 Sy1 09 50 48.3803143440 +39 26 50.467298496   16.83 16.73     ~ 216 0
9 NGC 3227 Sy1 10 23 30.5765149296 +19 51 54.282206700   12.61 11.79     ~ 1807 2
10 2MASS J10261389+5237510 Sy1 10 26 13.9068504216 +52 37 51.304221444   17.96 17.80     ~ 38 0
11 Z 291-51 Sy1 11 18 57.7039218648 +58 03 23.629382172   17.12 16.69     ~ 119 0
12 2MASS J11200742+4235517 Sy1 11 20 07.4313427152 +42 35 51.389354292   17.91 17.69     ~ 36 1
13 2MASS J11243917+4201450 Sy1 11 24 39.1797883104 +42 01 45.014547252   16.45 16.28     ~ 175 0
14 MCG+09-19-073 Sy1 11 25 36.1539761184 +54 22 57.113791824   17.06 16.47     ~ 311 0
15 NGC 3783 Sy1 11 39 01.7096819040 -37 44 19.009642992   12.46 13.43 11.33 12.1 ~ 1765 1
16 Mrk 1310 Sy1 12 01 14.3530384560 -03 40 41.015051940   16.31 15.89 14.780   ~ 218 0
17 QSO J1204+2754 Bla 12 04 42.1097215992 +27 54 11.869350264   15.64 15.60     ~ 429 0
18 NGC 4151 Sy1 12 10 32.5759813872 +39 24 21.063527532   12.18 11.48     ~ 3938 2
19 Ton 1494 Sy1 12 17 52.1640307824 +33 34 47.276414724   17.47 17.25     ~ 33 0
20 Mrk 50 Sy1 12 23 24.1362367968 +02 40 44.449405212   17.25 16.63     ~ 263 1
21 NGC 4593 Sy1 12 39 39.4435107024 -05 20 39.034988448   13.95 13.15     ~ 1179 0
22 ZW VIII 218 Sy1 12 53 37.7126460552 +21 26 18.162585600   16.5 16.36     ~ 28 0
23 2MASS J13234951+6541480 Sy1 13 23 49.5182430360 +65 41 48.164463600   16.01 15.84     ~ 185 1
24 LEDA 84044 Sy1 13 41 12.8835794640 -14 38 40.247801448   15.02 14.63 11.5   ~ 98 0
25 IC 4329A Sy1 13 49 19.2601801224 -30 18 34.213815504   13.81 13.66 12.18 12.35 ~ 876 1
26 Z 336-28 Sy1 13 53 03.4348964112 +69 18 29.410910460   15.15 14.46     ~ 812 1
27 NGC 5548 Sy1 14 17 59.5400291832 +25 08 12.603122268   14.35 13.73     ~ 2895 0
28 2MASS J14294306+4747262 Sy1 14 29 43.0739786592 +47 47 26.217623904   17.29 16.97     ~ 195 0
29 Mrk 478 Sy1 14 42 07.4714418744 +35 26 22.938625500   14.91 14.58     ~ 567 1
30 IRAS F14541+3813 Sy1 14 56 08.6296226904 +38 00 38.595497868   18.00 17.80     ~ 39 1
31 Mrk 841 Sy1 15 04 01.1935384104 +10 26 15.780409692   14.50 14.27     ~ 701 0
32 Z 48-115 Sy1 15 05 56.5521472536 +03 42 26.339214780   15.80 15.50     ~ 159 0
33 NGC 5940 Sy1 15 31 18.0815283384 +07 27 27.842445432   15.56 14.90     ~ 214 0
34 LEDA 3096441 Sy1 15 40 04.2498160896 +35 50 50.130145176   17.64 17.42     ~ 37 0
35 2MASS J16191124+5011092 Sy1 16 19 11.2460994024 +50 11 09.176573292   18.05 17.75     ~ 30 0
36 2MASX J18530389+2750275 Sy1 18 53 03.8648360160 +27 50 27.840599916     12.50     ~ 31 1
37 Z 229-15 Sy1 19 05 25.9385931648 +42 27 39.759455520   15.4       ~ 146 0
38 NGC 6814 Sy1 19 42 40.5862186152 -10 19 25.108718844   15.33 14.21 11.7 11.3 ~ 866 0
39 LEDA 3096594 Sy1 20 44 04.2555266496 +28 33 09.404396928           ~ 52 1
40 Mrk 1513 Sy1 21 32 27.8162556672 +10 08 19.252365396   14.92 14.64     ~ 651 0
41 QSO B2209+184 BLL 22 11 53.8888927344 +18 41 49.861248288   16.09 15.44 11.96   ~ 187 2
42 LEDA 3096710 Sy1 22 56 36.4606611288 +05 25 17.097921120   16.2 16.2     ~ 44 0

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